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1 ἀνά
ἀνά [ ᾰνᾰ], [dialect] Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. [full] ὀν, Prep. governing gen., dat., and acc. By apocope ἀνά becomes ἄν before dentals, as ἂν τὸν ὀδελόν; ἄγ before gutturals, as ἂγ γύαλα; ἄμ before labials, as ἂμ βωμοῖσι, ἂμ πέτραις, etc.;Aἀμπεπλεγμένας IG5(2).514.10
(Arc.).A WITH GEN., three times in Od., in phrase ἀνὰ νηὸς βαίνειν go on board ship, 2.416, 9.177, 15.284; ἂν τοῦ τοίχου, τᾶς ὁδοῦ, τοῦ ῥοειδίου, IG14.352i40, ii 15,83 ([place name] Halaesa).B WITH DAT., on, upon, without any notion of motion, [dialect] Ep., Lyr., and Trag. (only lyr.), ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ upon the sceptre, Il.1.15, Pi.P. 1.6;ἂμ βωμοῖσι Il.8.441
;ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι 18.177
;ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ 15.152
; ἀνὰ ὤμῳ upon the shoulder, Od.11.128; ἀν ἵπποις, i. e. in a chariot, Pi.O.1.41;ἂμ πέτραις A.Supp. 351
(lyr.); ; ([place name] Epirus).C WITH ACCUS., the comm. usage, implying motion upwards:I of Place, up, from bottom to top, up along,κίον' ἀν' ὑψηλὴν ἐρύσαι Od.22.176
; ἀνὰ μέλαθρον up to, ib. 239; [φλὲψ] ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερὲς αὐχέν' ἱκάνει Il.13.547
;ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν Hdt.2.96
; ἂν ῥόον up-stream, GDI5016.11 ([place name] Gortyn);κρῆς ἂν τὸν ὀδελὸν ἐμπεπαρμένον Ar.Ach. 796
([place name] Megarian); simply, along,ἂν τὼς ὄρως Tab.Heracl.2.32
.2 up and down, throughout,ἀνὰ δῶμα Il.1.570
; ἀνὰ στρατόν, ἄστυ, ὅμιλον, ib. 384, Od.8.173, etc.; (lyr.); ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Μηδικήν, ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, Hdt.1.96, 2.135, etc.;ὀν τὸ μέσσον Alc. 18.3
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινόν in the darkness, Th.3.22.3 metaph., ἀνὰ θυμὸν φρονέειν, ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχειν, to have continually in the mind, in the mouth, Il.2.36, 250; ἀν' Αἰγυπτίους ἄνδρας among them, Od.14.286; ἀνὰ πρώτους εἶναι to be among the first, Hdt.9.86.II of Time, throughout, ἀνὰ νύκτα all night through, Il.14.80;ἀνὰ τὰς προτέρας ἡμέρας Hdt.7.223
;ἀνὰ τὸν πόλεμον 8.123
; ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, 1.173, 2.151, 5.27; ἀνὰ μέσσαν ἀκτῖνα (i. e. in the south) S.OC 1247.2 distributively, ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν day by day, Hdt.2.37, 130, etc.;ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος 1.136
, etc.;ἀνὰ πάντα ἔτεα 8.65
: also ἀνὰ πρεσβύτᾱτα in order of age, Test.Epict.4.28.III distributively with Numerals, pieces of meat at half an obol each, Ar.Ra. 554; τῶν ἀν' ὀκτὼ τὠβολοῦ that sell 8 for the obol, Timocl. 18; ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγας τῆς ἡμέρας [they marched] at the rate of 5 parasangs a day, X.An.4.6.4; ἔστησαν ἀνὰ ἑκατόν μάλιστα ὥσπερ χοροί they stood in bodies of about 100 men each. ib.5.4.12; κλισίας ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα companies at the rate of 50 in each, Ev.Luc.9.14; ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius apiece, Ev. Matt.20.10; in doctor's prescriptions,ἀνὰ ὀβολὼ β Sor.1.63
, etc.: also amounting to2
1/2 signs, Autol.1.10; multiplied by, PPetr.3p.198.IV Phrases: ἀνὰ κράτος up to the full strength, i. e. vigorously, ἀνὰ κράτος φεύγειν, ἀπομάχεσθαι, X.Cyr.4.2.30, 5.3.12; ἀνὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον and proportionately,Pl.
Phd. 110d; esp. in math. sense, Id.Ti. 37a, Arist.APo. 85a38, etc.; ἀνὰ μέσον in the midst, Antiph.13, Men.531.19; by turns,Arist.
Pol. 1287n17.D WITH NOM. of Numerals, etc., distributively, Apoc.21.21, v. l. in Sor.1.11, 12, cf. Orib.Fr.50,54.E WITHOUT CASE as Adv., thereupon, Hom. and other Poets:— and with the notion of spreading all over a space, throughout, all over, μέλανες δ' ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν all over there were clusters, Il.18.562, cf. Od.24.343:—but ἀνά often looks like an Adv. in Hom., where really it is only parted from its Verb by tmesis, ἀνὰ δ' ἔσχετο; ἀνὰ δ' ὦρτο (for ἀνῶρτο δέ) ; ἀνὰ τεύχε' ἀείρας (for τεύχεα ἀναείρας), etc.F IN COMPOS.1 as in C. 1, up to, upwards, up, opp. κατά, as ἀνα-βαίνω, -βλέπω, ἀν-αιρέω, -ίστημι: poet. sts. doubled,ἀν' ὀρσοθύρην ἀναβαίνειν Od.22.132
.2 hence flows the sense of increase or strengthening, as in ἀνακρίνω; though it cannot always be translated, as in Homer's ἀνείρομαι:—in this case opp. ὑπό.3 from the notion throughout (E), comes that of repetition and improvement, as in ἀνα-βλαστάνω, -βιόω, -γεννάω.4 the notion of back, backwards, in ἀναχωρέω, ἀνανεύω, etc., seems to come from such phrases as ἀνὰ ῥόον up, i. e. against, the stream.G ἄνα, written with anastr. as Adv., up! arise!ἀλλ' ἄνα Il.6.331
, Od.18.13:—in this sense the ult. is never elided; cf.ἀλλ' ἄνα, εἰ μέμονάς γε Il.9.247
;ἀλλ' ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων S.Aj. 194
.2 apocop. ἄν after ὤρνυτο, ὦρτο, and up stood.. arose, Il.3.268, 23.837, etc.3 when used as Prep. ἀνά never suffers anastrophe.------------------------------------ἄνα (B), ἡ,A = ἄνυσις, Alcm.23.83, Call.Jov.90; cf. ἄνη. -
2 ἕως
ἕως (Hom.+)① to denote the end of a period of time, till, until.ⓐ as conjunctionα. w. the aor. ind. (Lysias 25, 26; Ps.-Demosth. 47, 58; Wsd 10:14; 1 Macc 10:50; Jdth 10:18; En 13:7; 102:10; PsSol 2:26; 4:10; SibOr 5, 528; Ar. 12, 2) ἕως ἐστάθη until it stood still Mt 2:9. ἕως ἦλθεν ὁ κατακλυσμός until the flood came 24:39.—Ac 19:10 D.β. w. the aor. subj. and, as the rule requires (s. AFuchs, D. Temporalsätze mit d. Konj. ‘bis’ u. ‘so lange als.’ 1902), ἄν (X., An. 5, 1, 11; SIG 966, 11; 1207, 10; PPetr II, 40a, 28; POxy 1124, 7; Gen 24:14; 49:10; Ex 33:22; Lev 22:4 and oft. LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 2 [Stone p. 72]; TestJob 21:2; ParJer 2:3; ApcMos 26 p. 14, 7 Tdf.; Jos., Ant. 13, 400; Just., A I, 45, 1), to denote that the commencement of an event is dependent on circumstances: ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι until I tell you Mt 2:13.—5:18 (AHoneyman, NTS 1, ’54/55, 141f), 26 (cp. SIG 731, 16ff ἕως ἂν ἀποδῷ); 10:23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); Mk 6:10; 9:1; 12:36 (Ps 109:1); Lk 20:43 (Ps 109:1); 21:32; Ac 2:35 (Ps 109:1); 1 Cor 4:5; Hb 1:13; B 12:10 (the two last Ps 109:1).—Without ἄν (Soph., Aj. 555, Phil. 764; Polyb. 35, 2, 4; SIG 976, 79; UPZ 18, 10 [II B.C.]; PGrenf II, 38, 16 [I B.C.]; POxy 531, 6; 1125, 15; 1159, 21; Sir 35:17; Tob 14:5 BA; En 10:12, 17; TestSol 15:10; ParJer 5:14; GrBar 11:2; SibOr 5, 217; Just. D. 39, 6): Mt 10:23 v.l.; 18:30; Mk 14:32; Lk 15:4 and 22:34 (both v.l. ἕως οὗ); 2 Th 2:7; Js 5:7; Hb 10:13; Rv 6:11.γ. w. the pres. ind. (cp. Plut., Lycurg. 29, 3) ἕως ἔρχομαι until I come J 21:22f; 1 Ti 4:13; Hs 5, 2, 2; 9, 10, 5f; cp. 9, 11, 1.δ. w. the fut. ind. (cp. PHolm 26, 7; Jdth 10:15) in a text-critically doubtful pass. (B-D-F §382, 2; Rob. 971f; 976) ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε (ἥξει ὅτε is lacking as v.l.) until (the time) comes when you say Lk 13:35.ⓑ used as prep. (appears first at the end of the IV cent. B.C. [Schwyzer II 550]) until, up to (Aristot. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr., also SibOr 5, 57; 118)α. w. gen. of a noun or an equivalent expr. (SIG 588, 64 [196 B.C.] ἕ. τοῦ τ. συνθήκης χρόνου; OGI 90, 16 ἕ. τοῦ πρώτου ἔτους; BGU 1128, 8 [14 B.C.]; oft. LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 23 [Stone p. 54]) ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας (Jdth 12:14; 1 Esdr 4:55; 1 Macc 13:39) Mt 27:64; Lk 1:80. ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης (Jdth 1:15) Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25. ἕ. τ. ἡμ. ταύτης (4 Km 17:23; 1 Macc 8:10; 13:30; 1 Esdr 8:73; Bar 1:13; ApcMos 13 p. 7, 1 Tdf.) 1 Cl 11:2. ἕ. ὥρας ἐνάτης Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44. ἕ. τῆς πεντηκοστῆς 1 Cor 16:8. ἕ. τῆς σήμερον (sc. ἡμέρας) Mt 27:8 (Just., D. 134, 5). ἕ. τέλους until the end 1 Cor 1:8 (JosAs 12:3); ἕ. αἰῶνος forever (1 Ch 17:16; Sir 24:9; 44:13; Jdth 13:19; 1 Esdr 8:82; PsSol 18:11; TestJob 34:4) Hv 2, 3, 3. Of someone’s age or a period of life ἕ. ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων until the age of 84, prob.= until she was now 84 years old (so Goodsp., Probs. 79–81) Lk 2:37 (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 181). Used w. proper names (Polyb. 2, 41, 5; Diod S 1, 50, 6) ἕ. Ἰωάννου up to the time of John Mt 11:13. ἕ. Σαμουήλ Ac 13:20. In such cases, as well as in others, ἕ. often looks back to a preceding ἀπό: from … to (Bar 1:19; 1 Esdr 8:73; Sir 40:1; 1 Macc 16:2; 3 Macc 6:38 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.): ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕ. Δαυίδ Mt 1:17a. ἀπὸ τ. βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕ. τῆς ἡμέρας Ac 1:22. ἀπὸ τ. ἕκτης ὥρας ἕ. ὥρας ἐνάτης Mt 27:45 (cp. SIG 736, 109 [92 B.C.] ἀπὸ τετάρτας ὥρας ἕ. ἑβδόμας; 1 Esdr 9:41). ἀπὸ πρωὶ̈ ἕ. ἑσπέρας Ac 28:23 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 364).—ἕ. τοῦ νῦν until now (Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 4; SIG 705, 44f [112 B.C.]; UPZ 122 [157 B.C.]; Gen 15:16; 18:12; Num 14:19; 1 Macc 2:33) after ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Mt 24:21; Mk 13:19 (cp. BGU 1197, 8 [4 B.C.] ἕως τ. νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐννεακαιδεκάτου ἔτους Καίσαρος; Ezk 4:14). ἀπὸ Δαυὶδ ἕ. τ. μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος to the Babylonian exile Mt 1:17b.—As here, a historical event forms the boundary (cp. 1 Esdr 5:71; ParJer 3:11) in ἕ. τ. τελευτῆς Ἡρῴδου 2:15.—W. the articular inf. (on the acc. with it s. B-D-F §406, 3) ἕ. τοῦ ἐλθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν until he came to Caesarea Ac 8:40 (s. SIG 588, 93f; Gen 24:33; 28:15; 1 Macc 3:33; 5:19; Polyb., Joseph. [B-D-F §403]); but s. also 3a below.β. w. gen. of the relative pron. (οὗ or ὅτου) in the neut.א. ἕ. οὗ until (Hdt. 2, 143; Plut. et al.; LXX; En; TestAbr; TestJob 24:4; in local mng. SIG 495, 101) w. aor. ind. (Judg 3:30; 4:24 B; 4 Km 17:20; Tob 1:21; 2:4, 10; Jdth 10:10; 15:5; JosAs 10:2, 19; Jos., Ant. 10, 134) Mt 1:25; 13:33; Lk 13:21; Ac 21:26. W. aor. subj. (BGU 1209, 8 [23 B.C.]; PRyl 229, 14 [38 A.D.]; Judg 5:7 B; Ps 71:7; Jdth 6:5, 8; TestAbr B 2 p. 107, 3 [Stone p. 62]; ParJer 9:3; GrBar 13:5; ApcMos 31 p. 17, 10 Tdf.) Mt 18:34; Lk 15:4 v.l., 8; 22:18; 24:49; Ac 25:21; 2 Pt 1:19. After neg.=until, before Mt 17:9; J 13:38; Ac 23:12, 14, 21.ב. ἕ. ὅτου until w. aor. ind. (Diod S 19, 108, 3; 3 Km 10:7; 11:16; Da 2:34; 7:4) J 9:18. W. aor. subj. (POxy 1061, 16 [22 B.C.]; 1 Km 22:3; 2 Esdr 14:5) Lk 12:50; 13:8; 15:8 v.l.; 22:16, 18 v.l.γ. w. adv. of time (JosAs 10:17 ἕ. πρωί̈; Ath. 22, 6 ἕ. νῦν) ἕ. ἄρτι until now (s. ἄρτι 3), Mt 11:12; J 2:10; 5:17; 16:24; 1J 2:9; 1 Cor 4:13; 8:7; 15:6. ἕ. σήμερον (Sir 47:7) 2 Cor 3:15. ἕ. πότε; how long? (Ps 12:2, 3; 2 Km 2:26; 1 Macc 6:22; ApcSed 12:1f) Mt 17:17ab; Mk 9:19ab; Lk 9:41; J 10:24; Rv 6:10.② to denote contemporaneousness, as long as, whileⓐ conj. w. ind. (Hom.+; Jdth 5:17) in our lit. only the pres. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 53 §218 ἕως χειμάζουσιν and ibid. ἕως Πομπήιος ἡγεῖται=while Pompey imagines; Jos., Bell. 7, 347; Just., D. 4, 4 ἕ. ἐν τῷ σώματί ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή) ἕ. ἡμέρα ἐστίν while it is day J 9:4 (v.l. ὡς. On this interchange s. LRadermacher, Philol. 60, 1901, 495f; B-D-F §455, 3); 12:35f v.l.; ἕ. αὐτὸς ἀπολύει τ. ὄχλον while he himself dismissed the crowd Mk 6:45. ἕ. ὑπάγουσιν while they were on their way Mt 25:10 D; ἕ. ἔτι ἔχομεν while we still have 2 Cl 16:1 (cp. Pla., Phd. 89c ἕ. ἔτι φῶς ἐστιν, Parmen. 135d ἕ. ἔτι νέος εἶ; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §127 ἕως ἔτι δύνασαι; PEleph 14, 24 [223 B.C.]; Sir 33:21 ἕως ἔτι ζῇς).ⓑ conj. w. subjunctive (PTebt 6, 42 [140 B.C.] ἕως … μένωσι; Dio Chrys. 27 [44], 5 ἕως ἂν … φέρῃ=‘as long as’; Appian, Numid. 4 §2) Mk 14:32; Lk 17:8.ⓒ in a few cases ἕως also has this sense when functioning as prep. with the gen. of the rel. pronoun in the neut. while ἕ. οὗ (Jos., Ant. 3, 279 [ἔχουσι]) w. subj. Mt 14:22; 26:36 (but s. Burton, MT §325 and Zwaan §314).—ἕ. ὅτου (SSol 1:12) w. ind. Mt 5:25.③ marker of limit reached, as far as, to, funct. as prep.ⓐ w. gen. of place as far as, to (Polyb. 3, 76, 2; Diod S 1, 27, 5; SIG 588, 32 [196 B.C.] ἕ. θαλάσσης; 1231, 12 ἀπὸ … ἕως; PTebt 33, 5 [112 B.C.]; LXX; En 21:1; 22:6; PsSol 15:10; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 12f [Stone p. 12]; TestJob 20:6; GrBar 2:5; 11:8; JosAs 16:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 512; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14 ἕ. τοῦ τόπου …, ἔνθα) ἕ. Φοινίκης Ac 11:19. ἕ. Ἀντιοχείας vs. 22; ἕ. Βηθλεέμ Lk 2:15. ἕ. οὐρανοῦ, ᾅδου Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 (ApcEsdr 4:32 p. 29, 8 Tdf.). ἕ. τῆς αὐλῆς Mt 26:58; cp. Lk 4:29. ἕ. ἐσχάτου τ. γῆς (Is 48:20; 62:11; 1 Macc 3:9; PsSol 1:4) Ac 1:8. ἕ. τρίτου οὐρανοῦ 2 Cor 12:2 (ApcSed 2:4). ἀπὸ … ἕ.: ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἕ. δυσμῶν Mt 24:27. ἀπʼ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕ. ἄκρων αὐτῶν vs. 31 (cp. Dt 30:4). ἀπʼ ἄκρου γῆς ἕ. ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27 (cp. Jdth 11:21).—Also w. gen. of a pers., who is in a certain place (Aelian, VH 3, 18 ἕ. Ὑπερβορέων; 4 Km 4:22; 1 Macc 3:26) ἦλθον ἕ. αὐτοῦ Lk 4:42. διελθεῖν ἕ. ἡμῶν Ac 9:38. Prob. Ac 8:40 also belongs here (s. above 1bα end); then a pass. like Gen 10:19 would be comparable.ⓑ w. adv. of place (LXX) ἕ. ἄνω (2 Ch 26:8) to the brim J 2:7. ἕ. ἔσω right into Mk 14:54. ἕ. κάτω (Ezk 1:27; 8:2 looking back to ἀπό) ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕ. κάτω fr. top to bottom Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38 (cp. ἀπὸ ἔσω ἕω ἔξω TestSol 18:15 P). ἕ. ὧδε (Gen 22:5; 2 Km 20:16; 3 Km 18:45; Ar. 17, 1) ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τ. Γαλιλαίας ἕ. ὧδε Lk 23:5.ⓒ w. a prep. or another adv. ἕ. πρός (Polyb. 3, 82, 6; 12, 17, 4; Gen 38:1; Ezk 48:1) ἕ. πρὸς Βηθανίαν as far as B. Lk 24:50 (for the v.l. ἕ. εἰς Β. cp. Polyb. 1, 11, 14; Diod S 1, 27, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 22; Dt 31:24; 4 Km 2:6; PsSol 2:5; Jos., Ant. 16, 90). ἕ. καὶ εἰς even into Ac 26:11. ἕ. ἔξω τῆς πόλεως 21:5. ἕ. ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 (cp. 1 Macc 5:29; 3 Macc 7:18 A; PsSol 17:12; ἕ. ἐπὶ πολύ TestSol 7:2).④ marker of order in a series, up to ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕ. πρώτων Mt 20:8. ὁ δεύτερος καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἕ. τῶν ἑπτά 22:26. ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕ. μεγάλου small and great (Bar 1:4; 1 Macc 5:45; Jdth 13:4) Ac 8:10; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34).—J 8:9 v.l.⑤ marker of degree and measure, denoting the upper limit, to the point of ἕ. ἑπτάκις (4 Km 4:35; cp. TestSol 5:8 ἕ. ἑπτά; ApcSed 16:4 ἕ. εἴκοσι) as many as seven times Mt 18:21f; cp. vs. 22. ἕ. ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου (Esth 5:3; 7:2) Mk 6:23. οὐκ ἔστιν ἕ. ἑνός (cp. PTebt 56, 7 [II B.C.] οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕ. τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν ἡμῶν=‘we do not even have enough to feed our cattle’; Leontios, Vi. Joh. [ed. HGelzer 1893] 66, 21ff οὐ … ἕως ἑνὸς νομίσματος=‘not even a single coin’; cp. PRossGeorg III, 3, 22 ἕως δραχμῶν ἕκατον) there is not even one Ro 3:12 (Ps 13:3). ἐᾶτε ἕ. τούτου stop! No more of this Lk 22:51 (ἕ. τούτου=‘to this point’ Aristot., HA 9, 46; Polyb. 9, 36, 1; cp. 2 Km 7:18). ἕ. θανάτου unto death (Antig. Car. 16; Sir 34:12; 51:6; 4 Macc 14:19; JosAs 29:3): contend (Sir 4:28; cp. OGI 266, 29 [III B.C.] μαχοῦμαι ἕως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου) 1 Cl 5:2. περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕ. θανάτου Mt 26:38; Mk 14:34 (cp. Jon 4:9 σφόδρα λελύπημαι ἐγὼ ἕ. θανάτου).—DELG s.v. 2 ἕω. EDNT. New Docs 4, 154. M-M. -
3 εἶδος
εἶδος, εος ( ϝιδ), dat. εἴδεϊ: appearance, looks, esp. of the human countenance, and mostly with a suggestion of beauty; freq. as acc. of specification with adjectives, and often coupled w. μέγεθος, φυή, δέμας. Of a dog, ταχὺς θέειν ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ τῷδε, a fast runner ‘with all that good looks,’ Od. 17.308.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > εἶδος
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4 αἴγλη 1
αἴγλη 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `gleam, radiance' (Il.)Derivatives: αἰγλήεις `id.' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The connection with Skt. éjati `to move, tremble' (cf. αἰγανέη), e.g. Thumb IF I4, 343f. is rightly rejected by DELG. - The epithets Άπόλλων Άσγελάτας (Anaphe) and Άπόλλων Αἰγλάτας (Anaphe, Thera) are often compared, but I think they are unrelated. It is impossible to explain the form of a `normal' noun from a word showing a variation αἰγλ- \/ ἀσγ(ε)λ-; this variation looks very much like those of Pre-Greek words, and the epithet, of which the meaning is unknown, may well be of Pre-Greek origin; but there is no evidence that the noun is of the same origin. The noun may be of Pre-Greek origin - it has no etymology - but that must not be the same oigin as the epithet. For the epithet see with the names.Page in Frisk: 1,32Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴγλη 1
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5 αἴγλη 2
αἴγλη 2.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ring' (glosses).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The connection with Skt. éjati `to move, tremble' (cf. αἰγανέη), e.g. Thumb IF I4, 343f. is rightly rejected by DELG. - The epithets Άπόλλων Άσγελάτας (Anaphe) and Άπόλλων Αἰγλάτας (Anaphe, Thera) are often compared, but I think they are unrelated. It is impossible to explain the form of a `normal' noun from a word showing a variation αἰγλ- \/ ἀσγ(ε)λ-; this variation looks very much like those of Pre-Greek words, and the epithet, of which the meaning is unknown, may well be of Pre-Greek origin; but there is no evidence that the noun is of the same origin. The noun may be of Pre-Greek origin - it has no etymology - but that must not be the same origin as the epithet. For the epithet see with the names.Page in Frisk: 1,32-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴγλη 2
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6 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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7 λαμβάνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Aor. λαβεῖν (Il.), redupl. midd. λελα-βέσθαι (δ 388), pass. λαφθῆναι (Ion.), ληφθῆναι (Att.), λημφθῆναι (hell.); fut. λάψομαι (Ion.), λά[μ]ψεται (Alc., Hamm Grammatik 145), λαψῃ̃ 2. sg. (Dor.), λήψομαι (Att.), λήμψομαι (hell.); perf. εἴληφα (Att.), εἴλαφα (Dor.), λελάβηκα (Ion. Dor. Arc., also Att.), midd. εἴλημμαι (Att.), λέλημμαι (trag.), λέλαμμαι, λελάφθαι (Ion.),Derivatives: Very many derivv., many technical words with specific meanings: A. From λαβεῖν: 1. λαβή `grip, point of application etc.' (Alc. [ λάβα], Ion. Att.), of the compp. e. g. συλλαβή `grip, syllable etc.' (A., Att.); λαβίς f. `grip, cramp, tweezers' (hell.) with λαβίδιον (Dsc., Gal.), ἀντι-, κατα-, περι-λαβεύς `handgrip of a shield, peg etc.' (H., medic.; cf. Boßhardt 81), λάβιον `grip' (Str.), ἀπολάβειον `cramp' (Ph. Bel.). 2. - λάβος in compp. as ἐργο-λάβ-ος m. `untertaker' with - έω, - ία (Att., hell.). 3. - λαβής e. g. εὑ-λαβ-ής (: εὑ λαβεῖν) `careful' with - έομαι, - εια (IA.; lit. s. θρησκεύω, also Kerényi Byz.-Neugr. Jbb. 8, 306ff.). 4. ΛhαβΕτος PN (Att. epigr.). - B. From full-grade forms ( λήψομαι, ληφθῆναι): 1. λῆμμα ( ἀνά- λαμβάνω etc.) `taking in, accept' (Att.). 2. λῆψις ( ἀνά- λαμβάνω etc.), hell. λῆμψις `capture, apprehension, attack of a disease' (Hp., Att.), ἀπό-, διά-λαμψις = ἀπό-, διά-ληψις (Mytil., Kyme a. o.). 3. - λη(μ)πτωρ, e. g. συλ-λήπ-τωρ with συλλήπτρ-ια `participant, assistant' (Att.). 4. ἀνα-, κατα-ληπ-τήρ `scoop' resp. `clamp' (hell.), ἀνα- ληπτρ-ίς f. `connection' (Gal.). 5. παρα- λή(μ)π-της `tax-collector' (hell.), προσωπο-λήπ-της `who looks after the person' (NT). 6. ληπτικός ` receptive' (Arist.), further in comp., e. g. ἐπιληπτικός ` epileptic' (: ἐπίληψις, Hp.). 7. συλ-λήβ-δην adv. `taken together' (Thgn., A.). - On λάβρος s. v.; on ἀμφι-λαφής s. λάφυρον.Etymology: From Aegin. λhαβών, Att.ΛhαβΕτος and εἴληφα (and also hom. ἔ-λλαβον) we see IE. sl-; the Hom. present λάζομαι, for which λαμβάνω was an innovation (Schwyzer 699 f.; metr. uneasy? Kuiper Nasalpräs. 156) shows IE. gʷ; basis therefore IE. * slagʷ-. The aspiration in εἴληφα can be secondary (vgl. Schwyzer 772); perhaps another verb for `grasp' (s. λάφυρον) was involved; also some other formes were influenced by it. the zero grade must be secondary, *sl̥h₂- would hav got long ᾱ.Page in Frisk: 2,77-78Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαμβάνω
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8 ὀνίνημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to be of use, to help, gratify'Other forms: aor. ὀνῆσαι, fut. ὀνήσω (Il.), Dor. ὀνασεῖ (Theoc.), midd. ὀνίναμαι (Att.), aor. ὀνήσασ-θαι (late), aor. 2 ὠνήμην, opt. ὀναίμην, ep. ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητω (Il.), ὠνάμην, inf. ὄνασθαι (E., Pl.), fut. ὀνήσομαι (Il.).Compounds: Often w. ἀπο-, `to benifit, to gain, to enjoy, to relish'.Derivatives: 1. ὄνηαρ (written ὄνειαρ, s. v.); 2. ὄνησις, Dor. etc. ὄνασις f. (φ 402; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 73 w. n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 77) `benefit, advantage, gain, enjoyment' with ὀνήσιμος `useful, beneficial' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 14, Arbenz 35); 3. Όνήτωρ, - ορος m. PN (Π 604 u.a.), Dor. ὀνάτωρ (conj. Pi. O. 10,9) `helper', ὀνήτωρ name of a plaster (medic.); 4. Όνήτης m. PN (Eretria IVa); for the PN in Όνησι- etc. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 348ff.; 5. ὀνήμων = ὀνήσιμος ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 6. Primary comparative forms. sup. ὀνήϊσ-τος `most useful' (Ion. a.o.), comp. n. ὀνήϊον (Nic.), Dor. ὀνάϊον (Dodona IIIa) as positive reinterpreted; details in Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 7 ff. (= KL Schr. 221 ff.). Egli Heteroklisie 77, also Seiler Steigerungsform 87f., who hardly believably assumes a noun *ὀνή `usefulness' as basis.Etymology: To be noted are the old medial aoristforms with long vowel ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητο, - ονήμενος etc., opposed to which are not only the clearly secondary ὠνάμην, ὄνασθαι but prob. also ὀναίμην and ὀνίναμαι ( ἵσταμαι: ἵστημι a.o.) are unoriginal (diff. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382); the quite late present ὀνίσκω (Ath. 2, 35c) was shaped to ὀνήσω after εὑρήσω: εὑρίσκω a.o. Further details in Schwyzer 688 f. -- No convincing etymology. By Wackernagel Dehnungsgesetz 50 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 946) a.o. (s. Bq and WP. 2, 315) compared with Skt. nāthá- n. `refuge, help', which looks like a primary noun (Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 718) but is further isolarted (cf. Mayrhofer s. nā́dhamānaḥ). Other attempts in Bq (rejected). Cf. ὄνειαρ.Page in Frisk: 2,395-396Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀνίνημι
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9 ὁράω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look, to perceive, to contemplate, to see' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. also ὀρέω (Hdt.), and besides ὅρηαι (ξ 343), ὁρητο (A 56 a. 198 after Zenodot, accent uncertain), ὀρῃ̃ς, -ῃ̃, - ῆν (Hp., Democr., Herod.), Aeol. ὄρημι (Sapph.), ὄρη (Theoc.); ipf. ἑώρων (Att.), ep. 3. sg. ὅρα, Ion. ὥρα (Hdt.) etc.; pres. also ὄρονται (ξ 104) with - ντο (γ 471), ὅρει φυλάσσει H.; innovated perf. act. ἑόρακα (Att., also ἑώρ-), Ion. ὀρώρηκα a. ὤρηκα (Herod.), Dor. ptc. ὡρακυῖα (Epid.), midd. ἑώραμαι (late Att.), aor. pass. ὁραθῆναι (Arist., D.S.), plqu. also ὀρώρει (Ψ 112).Derivatives: Few derivv., almost all hell. and late, as opposed to the older ones which derive from primary ὀπ- (s. ὄπωπα) and ἰδεῖν: 1. ὁρᾶ-τός `visible' (Hp., Pl.), προ-ορατός `who can be foreseen' (X. Cyr. 1, 6,23) as against πρό-οπτος ( προὖπ-τος) `foreseen, apparent' (IA.); 2. ὅραμα n. `sight, spectacle, apparition' (X., Arist., LXX), παρ- ὁράω (hell. a. late), m. ὁραματίζομαι (Aq.) against ὄμμα, εἶδος (s.vv.); 3. ὅρασις f., also with προ-, παρ-, ὑπερ- a.o., `sight, face, look, apparition', pl. also `eyes' (Demad., Arist., Men.) against ὄψις; ὑφόρα-σις `suspicion' (Plb.) for older ὑποψ-ία; 4. ὁρατής m. `viewer' (LXX, Plu.) against ὀπτήρ `scout'; ὁρατήρ H. as explanation of ὀπτήρ; 5. ὁρατικός `able to see, provided with sight' (Arist., Ph.), ἐφ- ὁράω `fit for oversight' (X.): ἐποπτ-ικός `belonging to ἐπόπτης' (Pl.). 6. ὁρατίζω `to catch sight of, to aim for' (medic. IVp). 7. οὖρος m. `watcher', ἐπίουρος s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1164] *u̯er- `observe, note'Etymology: From the ipf. ἑώρων (\< *ἠ-Ϝόρων; w. asp. after ὁρῶ) and the pf. ἑόρακα (\< *Ϝε-Ϝόρακα; ἑώρ- after the ipf.) we conclude to an orig. Ϝ-, which however neither in Homer nor epigraphically has left a trace, and also in Myc. oromeno is absent; whether the asper hangs together with the older Ϝ-, remains uncertain (Schwyzer 22 6 f. w. lit.). -- The above presentforms, from which come all non-present forms including the verbal nouns, seem to require three diff. stems: 1. Ϝορᾶ- in ὁρά-ω, from which perh. purely phonetically Ion. ὀρέω (Schwyzer 242); 2. Ϝορη- in Aeol. ὄρημι, ὄρη, ep. ὅρηαι a.o. (s. above); 3. Ϝορ- in ὄρονται, - ντο, ὅρει. Orig. *Ϝορᾶ-ι̯ω can be either an iterative-intensive deverbative of the type ποτάομαι (s. Schwyzer 718 f.), with which the meaning fits well, or be explained as denominative from *Ϝορά̄ f., which is found in φρουρά from *προ-hορά (\< *προ-Ϝορά) and in German., e.g. OHG wara f. `attentiveness', wara neman ' wahrnehmen': IE *u̯orā́ f., beside which Toch. A war, B were `flavour', IE *u̯oro-s m. Difficult to judge however is (Ϝ)όρη-μι etc. It looks like a disyllabic athemat. formation, and ὀρῃ̃ς, -ῃ̃, - ῆν can have been tranformed from this by thematization (Schwyzer 680). One may compare Lat. verē-ri `observe scrupulously, venerate', though with ablauting stemvowel. Weakest attested is the primary monosyll. (orig. athematic?; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 311) ὄρονται, - ντο (to which also ὅρει in H.?); it regards moreover the same formulaic expression: ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄρονται (- ντο), thus in plqu. ἐπὶ δ' ἀνηρ ἐσθλὸς ὀρώρει. Here too the o-vowel is remarkable, though analogous cases can be found like ὄθομαι, οἴχομαι a.o. (Schwyzer 721, Chantraine l.c.). To the primry verb belong both *προ-Ϝορ-ά in φρουρά (s. above and s.v.) and the form which occurs only in compounds as 2. member, - (Ϝ)ορ-ός, `guardian', e.g. θυρ-, τιμ-ωρός, κηπουρός from θυρα-, τιμα-, κηπο-Ϝορ-ός; it agrees formally (but not functionally) with Germ., e.g. OS war `attentive, cautious', OHG giwar `id., gewahr'. The other word belonging to this group from diff. languages, e.g. Latv. veruôs, vērtiês `inspect, observe', Toch. A wär, B wär-sk- `smell', Hitt. u̯erite- `fear', give nothing for Greek. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 284f., Pok. 1164, W.-Hofmann s. vereor. On the suppletive system ὁράω: ὄψομαι: εἶδον: ἑόρακα Gonda Lingua 9, 178 ff., Bloch Suppl. Verba 91 ff. ; on the expressions for `see, eye' in Greek Prévot Rev. de phil. 61, 133ff., 233ff. -- S. also 2. οὖρος, ὤρα.Page in Frisk: 2,409-410Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁράω
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10 πλώω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to swim', aor. etc. (ep. Ion. Il.) also `to sail, to go by sea' (beside pres. πλέω; on πλώω: πλέω Bechtel Dial. 3, 196ff., 208).Other forms: Aor. πλῶ-ναι ( ἐπ-έπλων etc., Hom., Hes.), πλῶσαι (Γ 47: ptc. ἐπι-πλώσας; Hdt., Arr.), fut. πλώσ-ομαι (Hdt.), -ω (Lyc.), perf. πέπλωκα (Hdt., Lyc.; also E. Hel. 532 and Ar. Th. 878 [parody]),Derivatives: Prob. all derivv. are from Ion. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 3 f.). Adj. 1. πλω-τός ( πρόσ-, ἔκ-πλώω) `swimming, navigable' (κ 3 [on the explanation Giusti Il. mondo class. 7, 63ff.], Hp., Hdt., Arist.) with - τίς f. approx. `raft' (Demetr. Astrol.), - τεύομαι `to be navigated, cruised' (Plb.); 2. πλω-τικός `seafaring' (hell.); 3. - σιμος `navigable, seaworthy' (S., Diogenian.), rather from πλῶσαι than from *πλῶσις; thus πλώ-ϊμος beside and for πλόϊμος (s. on πλέω w. lit.). Subst. 4. κατάπλω-σις f. `home-coming by sea' (Herod.); 5. πλωτήρ m. `sailor' (rare in E., Ar., Pl., often in Arist. etc.), `swimmer' (Opp., Nonn.); 6. πλω-άδες, -ϊάδες (Thphr.), - ίδες (A. R.) f. pl. `swimming, flowing'; also 7. πλώς, pl. πλῶτες name of a fish, = κεστρεύς, if prop. "swimmer" (cf. Thompson Fishes s. πλῶτα); but δακρυπλώειν (τ 122) not denomin. from *δακρυ-πλώς, but after δάκρυ χέων, χέουσα built as univerbation; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 36 w. n. 1 a. lit. 8. Verb: πλω-ΐζω (- ῴζω) `to go by sea' (Hes., Th.) with -ϊσις f. `seafaring' (Just.).Etymology: The above forms are not unambiguous. The aorist ἔπλων ( ἐπ-έπλων, ἀπ-έπλω a. o.) agrees with ἔγνων and so looks most like an athem. root-aorist (ptc. ἐπιπλώς Z 291 false for - πλούς?); to this as innovations ἔπλωσα-(ἔγνων: Skt. ájñāsam) and πλώω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 365)? Or the other way round (with Schwyzer 743 n.5 [asking]): ἔπλων secondary to older ἔπλωσα and this orig. to πλώω? In the first alternative we have no reason to keep ἔπλων etc. together with πλέω; in the second πλώω from *πλώϜ-ω is taken as lengthened deverbative (e.g. Schwyzer 722 and 349); to this analog. the other forms (cf. Schwyzer 346). The same lengthened grade is found in the Slav. iterative, e.g. OCS plavati, Russ. plávatь `swim (to and fro)'. A correspondent of πλω- however gives Germ. in OWNo. flōa, OE flōwan (w secondary) with Goth. flodus m. ' ποταμός (would be Gr. *πλω-τύς) a. o.; this too can go back on a reduplicated (?) IE * plō[u̯]-. If one decides for original πλω- from IE * plō- (* pleh₃-), this could be in ablaut with πλη- in πίμ-πλη-μι (Brugmann-Thumb 325 a. 327) [I see no reaon for this argumentation; I see no basis for a form * ploh₁-] which fits semantically worse than πλέω with πλώω. Frisk prefers explanation from *πλώϜ-ω. So either from a root * pleh₃-, or from a langthened grade deverbative *plōu̯-. -- Cf. πλέω, also πλύνω.Page in Frisk: 2,565-566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλώω
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